Sociology Quiz 25

1 / 50

Changes in the social structure of a society is called_______________?

None of these

Social Change

Structural Change

Cultural Change

2 / 50

Which of the following is true regarding the functionalist and conflict theories of social stratification ?

none of the above

Only functionalist theory has merit when discussing social structure

Conflict theory is better at explaining inequality

Some sociologists have tried to synthesize the conflict and functionalist perspectives to argue that stratification systems are institutions that have evolved in order to reduce conflict

3 / 50

Judicial decisions are a part of_____________?

None of them

Convention

American constitution

British constitution

4 / 50

Sociology can be considered a social science because________________?

all of the above

sociologists collect data in a relatively objective and systematic way

its theories are logical explicit and supported by empirical evidence

ideas and research findings are scrutinized by other sociologists

5 / 50

It is useful to have a diversity of theories in sociology because_________________?

innumerable theories have been developed in the many fields of sociology

it removes the need to assess a theory according the empirical evidence

sociologists can choose the theory that best fits the data they have collected

human behavior is so complicated that no single theory would be adequate

6 / 50

Karl Marx held that a social movement-the revolt of the proletariat -would help workers overcome feelings of_______________?

false consciousness

socialist consciousness

surplus value

class consciousness

7 / 50

Totalitarianism ?

is a state in which the government seeks to control all subordinate governmental units all institutions and even personal associations and individual families

is the authoritative formulation of policies that are binding and pervasive throughout the society?

is a state in which the government is concerned with satisfying the needs of the total person?

can incorporate only in a socialist society

8 / 50

Polygyny______________?

usually involves the right of younger brothers to have sexual access to their brothers? wives

is generally available to all men in societies where it is permitted

is the preferred type of marriage in more than 40 per cent of societies?

tend to be favored where large families are advantageous and women make substantial contributions to subsistence

9 / 50

The first stage, according to Comte was_______________?

Metaphysical

Theological

Scientific stage

None of these

10 / 50

Agriculture and horticulture was developed in______________?

Fertile crescent Region of Middle East

Central and South America

East Asia

Southeast Asia

11 / 50

A social condition in which values are conflicting weak or absent is called____________?

anomie

Hawthorne affect

Assimilation

invasion

12 / 50

In participant observation research the role of the ?complete? participant forces the researcher to be_______________?

with the group for months and sometimes years

discreet about his/her research

open and honest about his/her intentions

close to the leadership of the group that he/she is studying

13 / 50

Jean Piaget found that although newborns have no self in the sense of a looking glass image they are quiet ?

self-centered

other-directed

deterministic

ethnocentric

14 / 50

Which of the following positions is NOT associated with the hyper globalizers ?

regional institutions are becoming as powerful as nation-states

globalization needs to happen much more quickly

citizens lose faith in existing systems of governance

individual countries no longer control their own economies

15 / 50

Which of these statements best represents Wright-Mills,s idea of the sociological imagination ?

understanding the differences between the classical theorists

seeing the social world as one made up of Social facts

bringing together private troubles and public issues

avoiding explanations based on individual psychology

16 / 50

?Underclass ?refers to____________?

both b and c

individuals who experience occasional poverty but who move back into the ?mainstream? of economic life within 12 months

the poor who are concentrated in isolated rural areas

the persistently poor who exist mainly because of a sharp climb in joblessness due to a redistribution of jobs in the inner city

17 / 50

The rate of rate of return or a mailed naire is usually_____________?

very low

None of these

it can be both A and C

very high

18 / 50

A group with which we identify and to which we belong is called a(n) ?

in-group

relationship

secondary group

reference group

19 / 50

Rate of mobility in modern societies is determined by (1) structural factor and (2) ?

Class factor

Individual factors

Social factors

None of these

20 / 50

A country becomes over populated when_____________?

Its population exceeds set limit

Both of these

None of these

Its resources fail to cope with its requirement

21 / 50

The purpose of a reference group is to serve a (n)_________________?

normative function by enforcing standards of conduct and belief

both a and b

comparison function by serving as a standard against which people can measure themselves and others

elimination function by dissolving groups that no longer have a social purpose

22 / 50

The of ?who defines deviance? has principally been addressed by what sociological theory ?

Positivism

Conflict

Social Control

Differential Association

23 / 50

In comparison with industrial cities preindustrial cities had_____________?

extensive social mobility

relatively open class systems

a much more rigid division of labor by gender

all of the above

24 / 50

The first stage of the demographic transition is called the_____________?

transition stage

pretransition stage

initiation stage

post transition stage initiation stage

25 / 50

The Maasai of Kenya is an example of_______________?

None of these

Hunter gatherer society

Agrarian society

Pastoralist society

26 / 50

According to Davis (1995) women may seek cosmetic surgery because_____________?

they have a deep-rooted sense of ineffectiveness and are striving for control

they are in pursuit of the perfect body fueled by images of beauty

their male partners pressurize them to look like supermodels

they perceive a part of their body as stigmatizing in relation to a cultural ideal

27 / 50

Social norms are_____________?

the symbolic representation of social groups in the mass media

creative activities such as gardening cookery and craftwork

religious beliefs about how the world ought to be

rules and expectation about interaction that regulate social life

28 / 50

Occupational gender segregation is used to explain ?

the belief that women control the private sphere

relations between men and women in the workplace

women?s increasing labor market participation

the allocation of men and women to different types of job

29 / 50

Which term describes societies where the family name and the inheritance of property passes down the male line ?

androlineal

homolineal

matrilineal

patrilineal

30 / 50

The third age of the life course is said to involve ?

illness isolation and increasing dependence on others

full time employment family-building and adult responsibility

the transition from education to work and distinctive youth cultures

active non-work and independence after retirement

31 / 50

Which term describes families in which at least one adult has children from a previous marriage or relationship ?

reconstituted families

beanpole families

cohabiting families

horizontal families

32 / 50

Freud saw self and society in basic conflict not in harmony He named this self as_________________?

Antisocial self

looking glass self

Generalized other

None of these

33 / 50

Which of these is not an example of a qualitative research method ?

biographical research

ethnography

focus groups

survey research

34 / 50

In order for a deviant act to be considered a crime______________?

the state must undertake a political process of criminalizing it

the majority of the population must consider the act criminal

it must be committed by someone labelled a criminal

it must involve the violation of a person or property

35 / 50

The Functionalist view on social change sees development and modernization both________________?

slow and adaptive

responsive but counterproductive

necessary and functional

humanistic and rational

36 / 50

The four ideal types of social action that Weber identified were as follows instrumentally-rational value-rational traditional and____________?

infected

affective

effective

affectual

37 / 50

Punjabi and Sindhi cultures are_________________?

Counter Cultures

Subcultures

Relative Cultures

None of these

38 / 50

Sociological studies of colonialism suggest that____________?

colonialism is perpetuated to this day by practices known as neo-colonialism

colonialism has largely disappeared

colonialism was inevitable and necessary for human civilization

colonialism was for the most part beneficial for poor uncivilized countries

39 / 50

In the United States we often formalize norms into_____________?

laws

values

folkways

40 / 50

Which of the following is NOT one of the properties of a minority group ?

hereditary membership

a high degree of marriage outside of the group (exogamy)

oppression at the hands of a dominant group

racial or cultural self-consciousness

41 / 50

Characteristics of Scientific observation are____________?

All of the above

Systematic and recorded

Precision and objectivity

Accuracy

42 / 50

The conscious and rational part of the self is______________?

None of these

Superego

ego

43 / 50

Sociologist Alvin Goldner sees Erving Goffman?s work on social behavior as implicitly reaffirming the status quo especially social class inequalities Gouldner,s critique is associated with the_____________?

psychoanalytic perspective

conflict perspective

interactionist perspective

functionalist perspective

44 / 50

Louis Wirth argued that a relatively large and permanent settlement leads to distinctive patterns of behavior which he called_______________?

gentrification

linear development

urbanism

squatting

45 / 50

Which of the following vehicles emits the most carbon per passenger per kilometer ?

long-haul aero plane

single-occupancy light truck

high-speed coal-fired train

high-occupancy city bus

46 / 50

Which of the following is not recognized as a level of society ?

the household

the global village

the office

the nation states

47 / 50

Nineteenth-century theories of social change reflect the pioneering work in biological evolution done by____________?

Benjamin Franklin

Harriet Martineau

Albert Einstein

Charles Darwin

48 / 50

Symbolic racism_____________?

is a reflection of whites concern that further reductions in racial inequality will result in loss of the special status that whites in the United States have enjoyed over the years

has no impact on whites racial policy attitudes

is the same as traditional racial prejudice

can also be termed racial reconciliation

49 / 50

In 50s and 60s the national affairs of the country were controlled by_____________?

Feudal

Industrialist

Intelligentsia

None of these

50 / 50

Karl Marx emphasized ____________ as a major factor in shaping social life ?

communism

geography

economics

psychology

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